
Perioperative Bleeding Is Not an Independent Risk Factor for Acute Kidney Injury in On-pump Cardiac Surgery—A Post-hoc Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial
A post-hoc analysis of the ALBICS randomized trial with 1,386 cardiac surgery patients found that perioperative bleeding, as classified by the Universal Definition of Perioperative Bleeding (UDPB), was not independently linked to acute kidney injury (AKI). Rather, bleeding indirectly contributed to AKI through hypotension and fluid overload. The only transfusion product independently associated with AKI was fresh frozen plasma.