This research evaluates Heparin-Binding Protein (HBP) as a biomarker for detecting postoperative infection in patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). It found that HBP levels, which normalize quickly post-surgery, may indicate early postoperative sepsis. Analyzing 1475 patients, the study identified factors influencing HBP levels and its association with 30-day mortality, suggesting HBP’s potential in improving post-surgical outcomes by enabling timely infection detection.