This study investigates the impact of sex on systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and outcomes after cardiac surgery. Analyzing 1,005 patients, researchers found that women had a higher incidence of SIRS (41.8% vs. 22.8%) and worse outcomes, including prolonged ICU stays and increased need for vasopressor support. SIRS mediated over 50% of the sex-related risks, with preoperative anemia and hyperlactatemia as contributing factors. Addressing inflammation may improve outcomes for female patients.