This review explores recent advancements in anesthetic drugs for cardiac surgery. With no standard protocol for anesthesia in these procedures, the article examines commonly used agents such as opioids (fentanyl, sufentanil, remifentanil), volatile anesthetics, and novel drugs like dexmedetomidine and remimazolam. The study highlights opioid-free anesthesia approaches, innovative drug delivery systems, and enhanced recovery techniques to improve patient outcomes and reduce complications.