Perfusionists are integral healthcare professionals who operate devices like cardiopulmonary bypass machines during surgeries, especially open-heart operations. These experts manage the artificial blood pumps that maintain circulation, temporarily replacing the heart’s function. They also assemble and manage extracorporeal circulation (ECC) systems which support organ functions outside the body using devices like oxygenators and hemodialysis units. Perfusionists are vital in surgeries for diseases like coronary artery disease, heart failure, and during transplant operations, ensuring the continuation of life-supporting functions.